Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants (2024)

Table of Contents

Specific heat at constant volume, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat ratio and individual gas constant - R - common gases as argon, air, ether, nitrogen and many more. Related Topics Material Properties Thermodynamics Related Documents Air - Specific Heat Ratio Air - Specific Heat vs. Temperature at Constant Pressure Argon - Thermophysical Properties Compression and Expansion of Gases Ethane - Density and Specific Weight vs. Temperature and Pressure Gases - Dynamic Viscosities Gases - Molar Specific Heats Gases - Ratios of Specific Heat Heat Capacity Heat, Work and Energy Liquids and Fluids - Specific Heats Molecular Weight of Substances Nitrogen - Thermophysical Properties Nitrogen Gas - Specific Heat vs. Temperature Non-ideal gas - Van der Waal's Equation and Constants Solids - Specific Heats Specific Heat - Online Unit Converter Sulfur Dioxide Liquid - Thermal Properties The Ideal Gas Law Total and Partial Pressure - Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures Search Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - Online 3D modeling! Translate this Page Privacy Policy Advertise in the ToolBox Citation FAQs References

Specific heat at constant volume, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat ratio and individual gas constant - R - common gases as argon, air, ether, nitrogen and many more.

The specific heat (= specific heat capacity) at constant pressure and constant volume processes, and the ratio of specific heats and individual gas constants - R - for some commonly used "ideal gases", are in the table below (approximate values at 68^oF (20^oC) and 14.7 psia (1 atm)).

For conversion of units, use the Specific heat online unit converter.

See also tabulated values of specific heat capacity of food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common liquids and fluids, common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances.

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See Also

6.7: The Ideal Gas Law

Gases - Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants
Gas or Vapor	Formula	Specific Heat				Specific Heat Ratio	Individual Gas constant - R -
Gas or Vapor	Formula	c_p (kJ/(kg K))	*c_v* (kJ/(kg K))	c_p(Btu/(lb_m^oF))	c_v (Btu/(lb_m^oF))	*κ = c_p / c_v*	c_p - c_v(kJ/(kg K))	c_p - c_v(ft lb_f/(lb_m^oR))
Acetone	(CH₃)₂CO	1.47	1.32	0.35	0.32	1.11	0.15
Acetylene	C₂H₂	1.69	1.37	0.35	0.27	1.232	0.319	59.34
Air		1.01	0.718	0.24	0.17	1.40	0.287	53.34
Alcohol (ethanol)	C₂H₅OH	1.88	1.67	0.45	0.4	1.13	0.22
Alcohol (methanol)	CH₃OH	1.93	1.53	0.46	0.37	1.26	0.39
Ammonia	NH₃	2.19	1.66	0.52	0.4	1.31	0.53	96.5
Argon	Ar	0.520	0.312	0.12	0.07	1.667	0.208
Benzene	C₆H₆	1.09	0.99	0.26	0.24	1.12	0.1
Blast furnace gas		1.03	0.73	0.25	0.17	1.41	0.3	55.05
Bromine	Br₂	0.25	0.2	0.06	0.05	1.28	0.05
Butane	C₄H₁₀	1.67	1.53	0.395	0.356	1.094	0.143	26.5
Carbon dioxide	CO₂	0.844	0.655	0.21	0.16	1.289	0.189	38.86
Carbon monoxide	CO	1.02	0.72	0.24	0.17	1.40	0.297	55.14
Carbon disulphide	CS₂	0.67	0.55	0.16	0.13	1.21	0.12
Chlorine	Cl₂	0.48	0.36	0.12	0.09	1.34	0.12
Chloroform	CHCl₃	0.63	0.55	0.15	0.13	1.15	0.08
Coal gas		2.14	1.59
Combustion products		1		0.24
Ethane	C₂H₆	1.75	1.48	0.39	0.32	1.187	0.276	51.5
Ether (diethyl ether)	(C₂H₅)₂O	2.01	1.95	0.48	0.47	1.03	0.06
Ethylene	C₂H₄	1.53	1.23	0.4	0.33	1.240	0.296	55.08
Chlorodifluoromethane, R-22	CHClF₂					1.18
Helium	He	5.19	3.12	1.25	0.75	1.667	2.08	386.3
Hexane	C₆H₁₄					1.06
Hydrochloric acid		0.795	0.567
Hydrogen	H₂	14.32	10.16	3.42	2.43	1.405	4.12	765.9
Hydrogen Chloride	HCl	0.8	0.57	0.191	0.135	1.41	0.23	42.4
Hydrogen Sulfide	H₂S			0.243	0.187	1.32		45.2
Hydroxyl	OH	1.76	1.27			1.384	0.489
Krypton	Kr	0.25	0.151
Methane	CH₄	2.22	1.70	0.59	0.45	1.304	0.518	96.4
Methyl Chloride	CH₃Cl			0.240	0.200	1.20		30.6
Natural Gas		2.34	1.85	0.56	0.44	1.27	0.5	79.1
Neon	Ne	1.03	0.618			1.667	0.412
Nitric Oxide	NO	0.995	0.718	0.23	0.17	1.386	0.277
Nitrogen	N₂	1.04	0.743	0.25	0.18	1.400	0.297	54.99
Nitrogen tetroxide	N₂O₄	4.69	4.6	1.12	1.1	1.02	0.09
Nitrous oxide	N₂O	0.88	0.69	0.21	0.17	1.27	0.18	35.1
Oxygen	O₂	0.919	0.659	0.22	0.16	1.395	0.260	48.24
Pentane	C₅H₁₂					1.07
Propane	C₃H₈	1.67	1.48	0.39	0.34	1.13	0.189	35.0
Propene (propylene)	C₃H₆	1.5	1.31	0.36	0.31	1.15	0.18	36.8
Water Vapor Steam 1 psia. 120 – 600 ^oF	H₂O	1.93	1.46	0.46	0.35	1.32	0.462
Steam 14.7 psia. 220 – 600 ^oF	H₂O	1.97	1.5	0.47	0.36	1.31	0.46
Steam 150 psia. 360 – 600 ^oF	H₂O	2.26	1.76	0.54	0.42	1.28	0.5
Sulfur dioxide (Sulphur dioxide)	SO₂	0.64	0.51	0.15	0.12	1.29	0.13	24.1
Xenon	Xe	0.16	0.097

κ = c_p / c_v - the specific heat capacity ratio
c_p = specific heat in a constant pressure process
c_v = specific heat in a constant volume process
R- Individual Gas constant

For conversion of units, use the Specific heat online unit converter.

See also tabulated values of specific heat of food and foodstuff, metals and semimetals, common liquids and fluids, Common solids and other common substances as well as values of molar heat capacity of common organic substances and inorganic substances.

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Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants (2024)

FAQs

What is the relationship between gas constant and specific heat? ›

The universal gas constant R is related to the specific heat by: R = C_P - C. R = C_P × C.

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What is the specific heat of a gas at constant? ›

The specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a gas by unit temperature at constant pressure.

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How do you find the individual gas constant? ›

To calculate the specific gas constant: Divide the universal gas constant by the molar mass of the gas.

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Are specific heats constant for an ideal gas? ›

The molar specific heat at constant volume of an ideal gas is equal to 2.5 times the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol-K). When the temperature increases by 100 K, the change in molar specific enthalpy is J/mol.

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Is the gas constant equal to the of two specific heats? ›

The gas constant (R) is equal to the difference of two specific heats. The ratio of Specific heat is known as an adiabatic index. ∴ The ratio of the specific heat of a gas at constant pressure and the specific heat of the gas at constant volume is always constant.

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What does specific heat of gas depend on? ›

The specific heat of an ideal gas depends on its temperature. Explanation: The specific heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure are measures of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the gas by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin).

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What is specific heat of gas directly proportional to? ›

Reason: Specific heat of a gas is directly proportional to heat exchange with the system and inversely proportional to change in temperature.

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Is the specific heat of a gas constant for all gases in nature? ›

Regnault's law: This law states, the two specific heats, viz C_p and C_v, of a gas do not change with the change of temperature and pressure. In other words, C_p and C_v of gas always remain constant.

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What is the constant specific heat? ›

Constant-volume specific heat, denoted as C_v, represents the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a single unit mass (1 kg) of a material by one degree (1°C or 1 K) within an isochoric process.

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What is a specific gas constant? ›

The specific gas constant R is thus the amount of mechanical work obtained by heating the unit mass of a gas through a unit temperature rise at constant pressure.

Is 0.0821 always R? ›

The ideal gas constant, also known as the molar gas constant, is expressed as R within the formula for the ideal gas law, PV=nRT. The ideal gas constant is the same for all gases but can vary based on which units are being used, the most common expressions are R = 0.0821 (L • atm/ mol • K) OR R = 8.31 (J/ mol • K).

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Does specific gas constant change with temperature? ›

No. It is a universal gas constant because it applies to all gases. In the relationship, temperature, pressure and volume are already incorporated as PV=nRT.

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What is the formula for specific heat and gas constant? ›

The specific heat at constant pressure for an ideal gas is given as (∂H∂T)V=cp=cv+R.

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How is specific heat calculated? ›

Specific heat, denoted , is calculated with the following equation: C p = Q m Δ T , where is the mass of the substance, is the amount of heat energy added to the substance, and is the change in temperature of the substance.

Why do gases have two specific heats? ›

The correct Answer is:A solid or a liquid when heated does not undergo any change in the volume or pressure. But in case of a gas, both the pressure and volume change on heating. Therefore, specific heat of a gas is defined either at constant volume or at constant pressure and hence a gas has two specific heats.

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What is the relationship between CP and Cv? ›

Relationship Between CV and CP

Taking into consideration a substance's ideal gas behaviour, the following link can be established: R is equal to CP – CV. In this equation, r denotes the universal gas constant. The ratio between CP and CV is the specific heat ratio, γ.

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What is the formula for CP and Cv? ›

Thermodynamics stepped in to save the day, changing the definition of specific heat to include two distinct routes, one at constant pressure and the other at constant volume. The definition of specific heat was changed from nC = Q/dT to Cv = [U/T] v and Cp = [H/T] p by thermodynamics.

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What is the relation between the specific heat of gas at constant pressure Cv and the specific heat of gas at constant volume CP at the absolute zero point? ›

The relation between specific heat is at constant pressure (Cp) and the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) can be expressed as: Cp - Cv = R/J and this relation are termed as Mayer's Formula.

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What is the difference between CP and Cv heat capacity? ›

Cv is the amount of heat energy that a substance absorbs or releases with the change in temperature where a volume change does not occur. Cp is the amount of heat energy that a substance absorbs or releases with the change in temperature where a pressure change does not occur.